Stomach cancer develops when the cells lining the stomach undergo abnormal changes, leading to the growth of tumours. While we're still learning about the exact causes, certain other risk factors have been identified.
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a serious disease that affects the lining of the stomach. One significant risk factor is the Helicobacter pylori infection, which can damage the stomach's protective lining, leading to inflammation and cell damage. Unhealthy dietary habits, such as consuming smoked, salted, or pickled foods while neglecting fruits and vegetables, have also been linked to a higher risk of stomach cancer. Additionally, tobacco and alcohol use, family history of gastrointestinal cancers, and previous stomach surgeries for conditions like peptic ulcers may increase the risk.
It often develops silently in its early stages, making it challenging to detect. However, common symptoms may include persistent indigestion, abdominal discomfort, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. It is very crucial to understand its causes, recent progress in treatment, and prevention strategies.
Causes
Stomach cancer develops when the cells lining the stomach undergo abnormal changes, leading to the growth of tumors. While we're still learning about the exact causes, certain other risk factors have been identified:
Screening: Early detection is critical in improving treatment outcomes for stomach cancer. However, routine screening for stomach cancer is not recommended for the general population. Screening is typically reserved for individuals with a family history of stomach cancer or certain risk factors, such as longstanding Helicobacter pylori infection. Regular check-ups can help assess individual risk and determine if screening is necessary.
Treatment
We've made significant progress in treating stomach cancer over the years. The best approach to treatment depends on factors like the stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and individual factors. Some key treatment options include:
Prevention
While some risk factors are beyond our control, making certain lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer:
Stomach cancer is a formidable challenge, but we continue to make strides in oncology. By staying informed about the causes, advancements in treatment, and taking preventive measures, we can work together to reduce the burden of this disease. As a medical community and as individuals, we can strive for a future where stomach cancer is no longer a looming threat to our health and well-being.
By - Dr R V Raghunandan, Senior Consultant Radiation Oncologist, HCG MNR Cancer Centre, Ongole