Kerala: 15-year-old succumbs to rare brain infection caused by amoebae in contaminated water

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but severe brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba commonly found in warm freshwater environments such as lakes, hot springs, and poorly maintained swimming pools. PAM is typically acquired when contaminated water enters the nose and allows the amoeba to travel to the brain.  

Alappuzha: A 15-year-old native of Alappuzha's Panavally, who was infected with the disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis died on Friday (July 7), confirmed Health Minister Veena George. The disease was earlier reported in the Alappuzha municipality area six years ago. The infection was detected after he took a bath in canal water. 

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but severe brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba commonly found in warm freshwater environments such as lakes, hot springs, and poorly maintained swimming pools. PAM is typically acquired when contaminated water enters the nose and allows the amoeba to travel to the brain.

Once the Naegleria fowleri amoeba reaches the brain, it causes inflammation of the meninges (the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord) and the brain itself. The infection progresses rapidly and can lead to severe neurological symptoms, including severe headache, fever, stiff neck, seizures, hallucinations, and coma. Unfortunately, PAM is often fatal, with very few reported cases of survival.

Preventive measures include avoiding warm freshwater bodies with stagnant water, especially in areas with a known history of Naegleria fowleri presence. Using nose clips or keeping the nose shut when engaging in water activities can significantly reduce the risk of water entering the nose. Proper maintenance and chlorination of swimming pools can also help prevent contamination.